Aragay "Books in motion"

Adaptation...is a cultural practice; specific adaptations need to be approached as acts of discourse partaking of a particular era's cultural and aesthetic needs and pressures, and such an approach requires both 'historical labor and critical acumen' 19. Brian McFarlane's "Novel to film: an introduction of the theory of adaptation" is the single most important book on adaptation in the 1990s 23. Looking Glass analogy of adaptation where one influences the other and back again as it metamorphosizes mutually and reciprocally 30.
Cartmell and Whelehan
Postmodern Hollywood cinema owes to Starwars as the source of most of the intertextuality as intertexuality has become the norm. Starwars is maybe even the urtext of our civilization replacing even the bible 43. The similarities of many texts to Starwars is uncanny. The use of wands/dueling/swords with phallic undertones reinforcing the patriarchal order (for good or bad) , the dark side, betrayal of a teacher, belonging to another world that makes you special, although there are special powers - the real heros come out of physical endurance and mental fortitude 44.
Sarah Martin
Film depends on the character's performance since it is drama whereas the novel depends on the narrative and character 52.
Jose Angel Garcia Landa
Adaption as a word assumes similarities between the film and the novel, however often the differences are more important and interesting 182.
Mireia Aragay and Gemma Lopez
Bakhtinian Diologism in regards to the original text and the intertextuality involved in films and novels 202. Use of iconic actors that the audience will already associate with one film into another 214.
Pedro Javier Pardo Garcia
Frankenstein has been redone so many times that it is not even the source text that is adapted, but other versions of the film are the point of departure - same with Dracula 224.
***Delicatesian and City of lost children as influential***
Francis Ford Coppola uses all the old vampire films to create a composite vampire that exists in a very self-aware film about Dracula 227. ***See old vampire films to fill in how NW is composite*** Film adaptation is always a transformation and a deviation and cannot be reduced to the comparisson of film and novel. It is myth, genre, character, discourse and image converge in the reception or interpretation 238. Adaptation is also acculturation - it represents the culture in which the novel was written and the film produced and is wrapped up in the cultural traditions of each work. It is not only a influenced by the previous films adapted, which act as a repository of images , motifs and themes, but also by contemporary adaptations of different texts which share a certain approach to adaptation, both visual and ideological 238.